how to write a reflective essay for university sample

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Examples of Reflective Writing

Types of reflective writing assignments.

A journal  requires you to write weekly entries throughout a semester. May require you to base your reflection on course content.

A learning diary is similar to a journal, but may require group participation. The diary then becomes a place for you to communicate in writing with other group members.

A logbook is often used in disciplines based on experimental work, such as science. You note down or 'log' what you have done. A log gives you an accurate record of a process and helps you reflect on past actions and make better decisions for future actions.

A reflective note is often used in law. A reflective note encourages you to think about your personal reaction to a legal issue raised in a course.

An essay diary  can take the form of an annotated bibliography (where you examine sources of evidence you might include in your essay) and a critique (where you reflect on your own writing and research processes).

a peer review  usually involves students showing their work to their peers for feedback.

A self-assessment task  requires you to comment on your own work.

Some examples of reflective writing

Social science fieldwork report (methods section), engineering design report, learning journal (weekly reflection).

Brookfield, S 1987, Developing critical thinkers: challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting , Open University Press, Milton Keynes.

Mezirow, J 1990, Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: a guide to transformative and emancipatory learning , Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Schön, DA 1987, Educating the reflective practitioner , Jossey-Bass. San Francisco.

We thank the students who permitted us to feature examples of their writing.

Prepared by Academic Skills, UNSW. This guide may be distributed or adapted for educational purposes. Full and proper acknowledgement is required. 

Essay and assignment writing guide

• Essay writing basics
• Essay and assignment planning
• Answering assignment questions
• Editing checklist
• Writing a critical review
• Annotated bibliography
• How do I write reflectively?
• Examples of reflective writing
• ^ More support

• Schools & departments

Reflective essays

Guidance and information on using reflective essays.

The reflective essay is one of the most common reflective assignments and is very frequently used for both formative and especially summative assessments. Reflective essays are about presenting reflections to an audience in a systematic and formal way.

Generally, all good academic practice for assignments applies when posing reflective essays.

Typical reflective essay questions

Reflective essays tend to deal with a reflective prompt that the essay needs to address. This also often means that the essay will have to draw on a range of experiences and theories to fully and satisfactorily answer the question.

The questions/prompts should not be too vague, for example ‘reflect on your learning’, but should define an area or an aspect relevant to your learning outcomes. This is most easily ensured with thorough guidelines, highlighting elements expected in the essay.

Questions could be something like (not exhaustive):

• reflect on learning in the course with regards to [choose an aspect]
• reflect on personal development across an experience with regards to certain skills
• reflect on development towards subject benchmarks statements and the extent to which these are achieved
• reflect on the progression towards the course’s defined learning outcomes or the school’s or the University’s Graduate Attributes
• reflect on some theory relevant to the course. (Remember that for this to be a reflective essay and not an academic/critical essay, the student must use that theory to explain/inform their own experiences, and use their own experiences to criticise and put the theory into context – that is, how theory and experience inform one another.)

Typical structure and language

Reflective essays will often require theoretical literature, but this is not always essential.  Reflective essays can be built around a single individual experience, but will often draw on a series of individual experiences – or one long experience, for example an internship, that is broken into individual experiences.

The typical language and structure is formal – for thorough descriptions on this, see ‘Academic reflections: tips, language and structure’ in the Reflectors’ Toolkit, which can be valuable to highlight to students.

Academic reflections: tips, language and structure (within the Reflectors’ Toolkit)

Length and assignment weight if assessed

There is no one length that a reflective essay must take. As with all written assignments, the main consideration is that the length is appropriate for evidencing learning, answering the question and meeting the criteria.

Similarly, there is no clear answer for what percentage of the overall mark is attached to the assignment. However, the choice should mirror the required workload for the reflector to complete it, how that fits into your initiative, and the amount of preparation the reflector has had.

For instance, if the student has received formative feedback on multiple pieces of work, a larger proportion of the course mark may be appropriate, compared to if the student had not had a chance to practice. It is important to keep in mind that many students will not have had many chances to practice reflective essays before university.

Back to ‘Components of reflective tasks’

This article was published on 2024-10-15

Guide on How to Write a Reflection Paper with Free Tips and Example

A reflection paper is a very common type of paper among college students. Almost any subject you enroll in requires you to express your opinion on certain matters. In this article, we will explain how to write a reflection paper and provide examples and useful tips to make the essay writing process easier.

Reflection papers should have an academic tone yet be personal and subjective. In this paper, you should analyze and reflect upon how an experience, academic task, article, or lecture shaped your perception and thoughts on a subject.

Here is what you need to know about writing an effective critical reflection paper. Stick around until the end of our guide to get some useful writing tips from the research paper writing service team EssayPro.

What Is a Reflection Paper

A reflection paper is a type of paper that requires you to write your opinion on a topic, supporting it with your observations and personal experiences. As opposed to presenting your reader with the views of other academics and writers, in this essay, you get an opportunity to write your point of view—and the best part is that there is no wrong answer. It is YOUR opinion, and it is your job to express your thoughts in a manner that will be understandable and clear for all readers that will read your paper. The topic range is endless. Here are some examples: whether or not you think aliens exist, your favorite TV show, or your opinion on the outcome of WWII. You can write about pretty much anything.

There are three types of reflection paper; depending on which one you end up with, the tone you write with can be slightly different. The first type is the educational reflective paper. Here your job is to write feedback about a book, movie, or seminar you attended—in a manner that teaches the reader about it. The second is the professional paper. Usually, it is written by people who study or work in education or psychology. For example, it can be a reflection of someone’s behavior. And the last is the personal type, which explores your thoughts and feelings about an individual subject.

However, reflection paper writing will stop eventually with one very important final paper to write - your resume. This is where you will need to reflect on your entire life leading up to that moment. To learn how to list education on resume perfectly, follow the link on our dissertation writing services .

Unlock the potential of your thoughts with EssayPro . Order a reflection paper and explore a range of other academic services tailored to your needs. Dive deep into your experiences, analyze them with expert guidance, and turn your insights into an impactful reflection paper.

Free Reflection Paper Example

Now that we went over all of the essentials about a reflection paper and how to approach it, we would like to show you some examples that will definitely help you with getting started on your paper.

Reflection Paper Format

Here’s how we can suggest you format your reflection paper:

Reflection papers typically do not follow any specific format. Since it is your opinion, professors usually let you handle them in any comfortable way. It is best to write your thoughts freely, without guideline constraints. If a personal reflection paper was assigned to you, the format of your paper might depend on the criteria set by your professor. College reflection papers (also known as reflection essays) can typically range from about 400-800 words in length.

Reflection Paper - How to Video Guide

Our experts have created a video guide on how to write a reflection paper step-by-step:

How to Start a Reflection Paper

The first thing to do when beginning to work on a reflection essay is to read your article thoroughly while taking notes. Whether you are reflecting on, for example, an activity, book/newspaper, or academic essay, you want to highlight key ideas and concepts.

You can start writing your reflection paper by summarizing the main concept of your notes to see if your essay includes all the information needed for your readers. It is helpful to add charts, diagrams, and lists to deliver your ideas to the audience in a better fashion.

After you have finished reading your article, it’s time to brainstorm. We’ve got a simple brainstorming technique for writing reflection papers. Just answer some of the basic questions below:

• How did the article affect you?
• How does this article catch the reader’s attention (or does it all)?
• Has the article changed your mind about something? If so, explain how.
• Has the article left you with any questions?
• Were there any unaddressed critical issues that didn’t appear in the article?
• Does the article relate to anything from your past reading experiences?
• Does the article agree with any of your past reading experiences?

Here are some reflection paper topic examples for you to keep in mind before preparing to write your own:

• How my views on rap music have changed over time
• My reflection and interpretation of Moby Dick by Herman Melville
• Why my theory about the size of the universe has changed over time
• How my observations for clinical psychological studies have developed in the last year

The result of your brainstorming should be a written outline of the contents of your future paper. Do not skip this step, as it will ensure that your essay will have a proper flow and appropriate organization.

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If you would like your reflection paper to look professional, feel free to check out one of our articles on how to format MLA, APA or Chicago style.

Writing a Reflection Paper Outline

Reflection paper should contain few key elements:

Introduction

Your introduction should specify what you’re reflecting upon. Make sure that your thesis informs your reader about your general position, or opinion, toward your subject.

• State what you are analyzing: a passage, a lecture, an academic article, an experience, etc...)
• Briefly summarize the work.
• Write a thesis statement stating how your subject has affected you.

One way you can start your thesis is to write:

Example: “After reading/experiencing (your chosen topic), I gained the knowledge of…”

Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs should examine your ideas and experiences in context to your topic. Make sure each new body paragraph starts with a topic sentence.

Your reflection may include quotes and passages if you are writing about a book or an academic paper. They give your reader a point of reference to fully understand your feedback. Feel free to describe what you saw, what you heard, and how you felt.

Example: “I saw many people participating in our weight experiment. The atmosphere felt nervous yet inspiring. I was amazed by the excitement of the event.”

As with any conclusion, you should summarize what you’ve learned from the experience. Next, tell the reader how your newfound knowledge has affected your understanding of the subject in general. Finally, describe the feeling and overall lesson you had from the reading or experience.

There are a few good ways to conclude a reflection paper:

• Tie all the ideas from your body paragraphs together, and generalize the major insights you’ve experienced.
• Restate your thesis and summarize the content of your paper.

We have a separate blog post dedicated to writing a great conclusion. Be sure to check it out for an in-depth look at how to make a good final impression on your reader.

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How to Write a Reflection Paper: Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: create a main theme.

After you choose your topic, write a short summary about what you have learned about your experience with that topic. Then, let readers know how you feel about your case — and be honest. Chances are that your readers will likely be able to relate to your opinion or at least the way you form your perspective, which will help them better understand your reflection.

For example: After watching a TEDx episode on Wim Hof, I was able to reevaluate my preconceived notions about the negative effects of cold exposure.

Step 2: Brainstorm Ideas and Experiences You’ve Had Related to Your Topic

You can write down specific quotes, predispositions you have, things that influenced you, or anything memorable. Be personal and explain, in simple words, how you felt.

For example: • A lot of people think that even a small amount of carbohydrates will make people gain weight • A specific moment when I struggled with an excess weight where I avoided carbohydrates entirely • The consequences of my actions that gave rise to my research • The evidence and studies of nutritional science that claim carbohydrates alone are to blame for making people obese • My new experience with having a healthy diet with a well-balanced intake of nutrients • The influence of other people’s perceptions on the harm of carbohydrates, and the role their influence has had on me • New ideas I’ve created as a result of my shift in perspective

Step 3: Analyze How and Why These Ideas and Experiences Have Affected Your Interpretation of Your Theme

Pick an idea or experience you had from the last step, and analyze it further. Then, write your reasoning for agreeing or disagreeing with it.

For example, Idea: I was raised to think that carbohydrates make people gain weight.

Analysis: Most people think that if they eat any carbohydrates, such as bread, cereal, and sugar, they will gain weight. I believe in this misconception to such a great extent that I avoided carbohydrates entirely. As a result, my blood glucose levels were very low. I needed to do a lot of research to overcome my beliefs finally. Afterward, I adopted the philosophy of “everything in moderation” as a key to a healthy lifestyle.

For example: Idea: I was brought up to think that carbohydrates make people gain weight. Analysis: Most people think that if they eat any carbohydrates, such as bread, cereal, and sugar, they will gain weight. I believe in this misconception to such a great extent that I avoided carbohydrates entirely. As a result, my blood glucose levels were very low. I needed to do a lot of my own research to finally overcome my beliefs. After, I adopted the philosophy of “everything in moderation” as a key for having a healthy lifestyle.

Step 4: Make Connections Between Your Observations, Experiences, and Opinions

Try to connect your ideas and insights to form a cohesive picture for your theme. You can also try to recognize and break down your assumptions, which you may challenge in the future.

There are some subjects for reflection papers that are most commonly written about. They include:

• Book – Start by writing some information about the author’s biography and summarize the plot—without revealing the ending to keep your readers interested. Make sure to include the names of the characters, the main themes, and any issues mentioned in the book. Finally, express your thoughts and reflect on the book itself.
• Course – Including the course name and description is a good place to start. Then, you can write about the course flow, explain why you took this course, and tell readers what you learned from it. Since it is a reflection paper, express your opinion, supporting it with examples from the course.
• Project – The structure for a reflection paper about a project has identical guidelines to that of a course. One of the things you might want to add would be the pros and cons of the course. Also, mention some changes you might want to see, and evaluate how relevant the skills you acquired are to real life.
• Interview – First, introduce the person and briefly mention the discussion. Touch on the main points, controversies, and your opinion of that person.

Writing Tips

Everyone has their style of writing a reflective essay – and that's the beauty of it; you have plenty of leeway with this type of paper – but there are still a few tips everyone should incorporate.

Before you start your piece, read some examples of other papers; they will likely help you better understand what they are and how to approach yours. When picking your subject, try to write about something unusual and memorable — it is more likely to capture your readers' attention. Never write the whole essay at once. Space out the time slots when you work on your reflection paper to at least a day apart. This will allow your brain to generate new thoughts and reflections.

• Short and Sweet – Most reflection papers are between 250 and 750 words. Don't go off on tangents. Only include relevant information.
• Clear and Concise – Make your paper as clear and concise as possible. Use a strong thesis statement so your essay can follow it with the same strength.
• Maintain the Right Tone – Use a professional and academic tone—even though the writing is personal.
• Cite Your Sources – Try to cite authoritative sources and experts to back up your personal opinions.
• Proofreading – Not only should you proofread for spelling and grammatical errors, but you should proofread to focus on your organization as well. Answer the question presented in the introduction.

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How To Write A Reflection Paper?

How to start a reflection paper, how long should a reflection paper be.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

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Reflective Essay: Examples and Other Guidelines

• Icon Calendar 29 July 2024
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This article is a guideline on how to write a good reflective essay, addressing key areas students should pay attention to when their lecturers give them assignments to produce such papers. Basically, a reflective essay examines a writer’s experience in life. People explore how their involvement changed or developed their characters and gather accurate details to support a main argument. In this case, each topic is essential because it teaches readers most important details that should guide their writing, from choosing a topic, following a correct outline, and going through each technical step to produce a quality document. Reading this guideline gives writers critical insights on writing an outstanding reflective essay, guaranteeing they can create a high-quality paper under any context. Although this article focuses on students as a primary audience, anyone needs to understand that an effective reflective essay should have a proper introduction, a compelling body, and a conclusion that brings an appropriate closure and applies a particular knowledge to be an expert, thoughtful essay writer.

General Aspects

When lecturers give students writing reflection papers, they aim to develop intellectuals. A particular writing process of different types of papers demands learners to utilize their academic training to produce knowledge others can consume for enlightenment. As such, various types of essays are central to providing college students with a platform for their reflection papers, constructing their intellectual personas, and influencing others. Reading this guideline helps students and anyone interested in writing to gain insights into essential requirements when organizing essays. Specifically, this article provides a guideline for writing a reflective essay by addressing key aspects that authors of reflection papers need to know and some prompts they can choose to produce a high-quality scholarly document.

What Is a Reflective Essay and Its Purpose

According to its definition, a reflective essay is a type of writing whose primary focus is a writer’s self-reflection on his or her experiences, thoughts, feelings, or other personal topics. Ideally, students writing such a composition must use their creative thinking skills to examine an experience or an issue and clearly state what it means to them without relying on others’ inputs (Bassot, 2023). Therefore, the main purpose of writing a reflective essay is to present a writer’s own perspective on a specific issue, analyze and evaluate their life events, understand how these experiences have influenced them, and articulate their learning and personal growth. On the other hand, college professors assign their students tasks to write these essays because they understand that applying knowledge is the most effective strategy, meaning to entrench knowledge (Williams et al., 2020). Self-reflection on an experience or topic means a unique way in which students apply what they have learned and create new knowledge through creative thinking. However, a reflective composition is not similar to argumentative, analytical, cause and effect, and expository essays, or typical research papers because, while writing about personal aspects allows students to use their own knowledge and experience, other papers have different purposes and requirements. In terms of pages and words, the length of a reflective essay depends on academic levels, specific assignment instructions, course contents, or instructor’s preferences, while general guidelines are:

High School

• Length: 1-2 pages
• Words: 250-500 words
• Length: 2-3 pages
• Words: 500-750 words

University (Undergraduate)

• Length: 3-5 pages
• Words: 750-1,250 words

Master’s

• Length: 5-6 pages
• Words: 1,250-1,500 words
• Length: 6-10 pages
• Words: 1,500-2,500 words

Reflective essays take different forms because limiting what students can reflect on is impossible. Typically, English professors require students to write thoughtful texts about what they have read or studied in class and their experience on something personal as their reflection (Cogni, 2019). A particular reason behind such expectations is that human beings have an imaginative ability to judge events that occur in diverse contexts. Everyone learns something from experiences that shape their existence. Hence, when writing a reflective essay, students must first understand its purpose because it forms a valid foundation for their focus.

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Reflection on an Assigned Reading

College students read various texts in any semester, including assigned textbooks, articles, research papers, essays, reflections, commentaries, and opinions. These documents have one similarity in common since they all address topics lecturers consider important to learners’ intellectual development (Christensen & Wärnsby, 2023). Moreover, to write a reflection paragraph, people describe a specific experience, analyze their thoughts and feelings about it, and discuss crucial insights or lessons learned. In this respect, it is common for students to receive paper assignments requiring them to write a reflective paper on an article, poem, play, novel, or research topic. While professors often specify essay topics, students may encounter scenarios where they must construct sentences themselves. The most important thing they must consider when organizing reflection papers properly is that they must reflect a specific text a tutor prescribes.

Articles are texts commonly found online where writers pick an issue of concern to society or a specific community and discuss it from various perspectives as a reflection. For example, authors of articles posted in the New York Times journal may write about how social policies of the New York state government have contributed to homelessness (Williams et al., 2020). Some authors may claim that these policies have resulted in high rental prices, forcing many individuals and families to seek alternative accommodation, including living with relatives and in homeless shelters. A lecturer may require students to write a reflective essay on such articles. In turn, one must read an online article to understand author’s perspectives in such an instance. As a result, students must reflect on how these viewpoints apply to them, people they know, and society. Their reflection paper writing should underscore an article’s significance.

Poems are texts that paint a picture of society through words. Like art, they address many societal issues, such as leadership, love, family, morality, and tragedy. However, unlike most texts, poems are complex since their language requires readers to engage in critical thinking and reflection (Bassot, 2023). Like an artist hides a message in a mural, a poet uses words to communicate deep insights. As such, lecturers often require students to read poems and write reflective papers. In such a scenario, students should read poems through their creative thinking lens and pick critical insights they can expound on. However, their exposition and reflection should be based on what they think and not what others say.

Literature Play

Like poems, literature plays serve a particular purpose of communicating ideas with a profound message or hidden meaning. It is common for college students to read plays as part of course content and write reflection papers (Cogni, 2019). As such, reflecting on such literature plays helps learners to apply knowledge to specific contexts. Therefore, when writing a reflective essay on a poem, students should read assigned plays to understand the information or knowledge an author intends to convey. The next step is to write a reflective paper that allows them to self-reflect by explaining how a profound message or hidden meaning applies to real life.

Unlike plays and poems, novels are long texts to analyze and write about. Nonetheless, they are similar to an extent they address issues common in society. Most novelists use their creative imagination and reflection to communicate social problems through texts (Taylor, 2023). Therefore, reading novels across generations is the best way to know how modern society reflects human civilization. With this understanding, English professors often require students to read novels and write reflective essays for their final semester assessment. In such a context, students should read an assigned novel and interact with other materials about this work, such as commentaries and reviews by different authors. However, these texts should only help students to better understand a specific novel rather than form part of a reflective essay.

Research Topic

It is common for college students to read research topics as part of their academic work. Almost all disciplines have issues that attract a particular attention of researchers. However, social sciences tend to have a highest level of attention and reflection because they are about a social world. One approach through which lecturers in social sciences develop students into intellectuals requires them to analyze different research topics and produce a reflection paper (Williams et al., 2020). If students receive such writing instructions, they should read an assigned study to understand critical points. Because researchers tend to be broad in assessing issues, writers should narrow their focus by picking a problem they think has a greatest significance to them or an aspect of their academic or social environment.

Reflection on an Experience

The most effective way of helping students to gain a deeper understanding of concepts, thoughts, and ideas is to require them to apply what they have learned to their personal lives as their reflection. In this case, a typical format of a reflective essay includes an introduction with a thesis, a body that describes a specific experience and analyzes its impact, and a conclusion that summarizes key insights and reflections (Bassot, 2023). Like everyone else, learners have personal life situations that enrich their existence despite their impact. In other words, a unique episode may have been pleasant or unpleasant. In turn, people can always get a moral lesson if they view it through optimism. Lecturers often require students to write reflective essays on personal aspects, including a life event, work experience, peer relation, domestic experience, and a hobby.

It is natural for everyone to experience a life event that leaves a lasting impact on them and close relations, including parents, siblings, friends, and even neighbors. Basically, a reflection paper consists of a description of a specific personal experience, an analysis of its impact, and key insights or lessons learned from it (Bassot, 2023). Examples of these events include a near-death episode, such as an automobile accident, a chronic disease, or a personal loss, such as losing a parent. While these events are unique, they can trigger people’s creative imagination and reflection if they are discussing such topics. Lecturers understand this truth, and they give their learners assignments to write reflective essays about personal experiences. When students receive such instructions, they should use their imagination and reflection to link what they have learned with what happened to them in their past that remains significant today. Doing so gives a reflection essay a scholarly characteristic, allowing it to be an academic text others can consume.

Work Experience

Working is an activity no one can avoid from adolescence. While students may not be employable because they have yet to complete their education, employers give them opportunities to gain practical work situation along their academic journey. Work attachments are integral to a college education because they allow students to experience a particular work environment before graduation (Christensen & Wärnsby, 2023). Moreover, some students come from families with established businesses, while others seek employment during holidays to fund their education. This reality explains why professors ask learners to write reflective essays about a work experience. Under such an instruction, students should recall and talk about an incident in a work environment with a lasting impact as their reflection.

Peer Relation

Peer relations are rich sources of personal experiences for college students. As social beings, adolescents develop friendships with their peers in diverse environments, including schools, workplaces, and neighborhoods. For example, a significant peer relationship reflection can be romantic or friendly (Williams et al., 2020). Almost every college student has experienced a romantic encounter that left them with lasting memories. Professors can ask their audience to write a reflective essay on a romantic relationship and how it generally shapes their view of life. In such a reflection paper, writers should include how the relationship challenged their perceptions or entrenched ideals, like commitment and honesty. In turn, people can focus on friendship and how it changed their lives. Essentially, a written text should focus on specific dynamics that shaped a particular relationship, such as availability, and how they think they are essential or nonessential for a lasting engagement.

Domestic Experience

A domestic environment directly impacts people’s attitudes and behaviors. It is impossible for one to live without a difrect influence of parents, whether biological or foster, guardians, or siblings. Standard domestic experiences for writing a reflection paper include family vacations, parental divorce, domestic violence, or events like family get-togethers (Bassot, 2023). Lecturers often require students to think about how such life events have impacted their worldview, including entrenching values, like hard work, empathy, and integrity. When students have to write a reflective essay on a domestic experience, their focus should be on events that have a lasting impact on their memory. Such events are easy to evaluate because they stand out in the writer’s behaviors and mannerisms.

Hobbies are personal engagements that form part of a person’s social experience. People have different hobbies because only some of them are fascinated by one thing, like watching a football game or hiking a mountain. However, everyone has an interest they engage in as a form of unwinding after a difficult task or life season (Taylor, 2023). College tutors view reflective essays as essential for students to relate their hobbies to a course concept or idea. When learners receive instructions to write a reflective paper, they should be honest and talk about their hobby, not someone else’s. Ideally, reflections enable students to view their hobbies through a particular lens of coursework.

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Examples of Reflective Prompts

Since everyone has unique life situations and perspectives on different personal themes, lecturers often instruct students to write reflective essays without specifying a particular topic. For example, the key points of a reflective essay include describing a personal experience, analyzing its impact, and connecting some insights gained to broader themes or personal growth (Bassot, 2023). However, reflecting on a text differs because a lecturer can select a specific reading. When it comes to an individual episode, students have a free hand in deciding personal essay topics. In turn, the main difference between reflective and narrative essays is that the former focuses on analyzing and gaining insights from personal experiences, while the latter primarily tells a story without author’s reflections (Williams et al., 2020). As a result, some examples of reflection essay prompts students and other people can choose to write about are:

Assigned Readings

• Examining Gatsby’s Pursuit of Daisy: Love or Obsession
• Modern Interpretations of Shakespeare’s Female Characters
• Narrative Techniques in “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding
• How “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley Applies to Contemporary Society
• The Moral Lesson in the Play “Hamlet” by William Shakespeare
• The Essence of Morality Through the Lens of the Poem “Morality” by Mathew Arnold

Personal Experience

• Learning From Failures: A Personal Account
• Overcoming a Fear That Changed My Life
• The Journey to Mastering My Favorite Hobby
• The Challenges of Long-Distance Dating
• How Family Fosters Togetherness
• How a Near-Death Experience Shaped My Ideals

Note: Some sections of a reflective essay may be added, deleted, or combined with each other. A key characteristic of reflective writing is its emphasis on self-examination and personal growth, analyzing how experiences shape one’s thoughts and behaviors.

I. Essay Introduction

• Attention-grabbing hook: Dating is a social experience shaped by multiple dynamics.
• Overview of the topic: The challenges of long-distance dating.
• Thesis statement: Long-distance dating has taught me that human beings are naturally dishonest, love cannot flourish without supervision, and faithfulness results from commitment.

II. Body Paragraphs

• First paragraph: Open with a topic sentence about a first lesson and provide a reflection paper for this first lesson.
• Second paragraph: Present a second lesson and reflect on this second lesson.
• The third paragraph: Start by emphasizing a third lesson and write a reflection for this third lesson.

Note: The number of body paragraphs depends on a particular length of an assignment. Usually, the length of a reflective essay is about 500-1,000 words, which means 2-4 double spaced pages or 1-2 single spaced pages.

III. Conclusion

• Summary of body points.
• Restate a thesis statement of a reflection.
• Conclude with a final remark.

Example of a Reflective Essay

Topic: The Challenges of Long-Distance Dating

Introduction Sample

Dating is an experience that enriches one’s worldview because of specific dynamics that shape it. However, long-distance dating has significant drawbacks that create a wrong impression of dating as a social experience. My experience with long-distance dating is awful because I have learned that human beings are naturally dishonest, love cannot flourish without supervision, and faithfulness is a product of commitment.

First Body Paragraph Example

Long-distance dating challenges the adage ‘honesty is the best policy’ because it reveals humans as naturally dishonest. After my reflection, I learned this painful lesson when I developed a relationship with a friend I met online in my early adolescence. Since this period of growth is when individuals develop most peer relationships, dating is common among youth, especially those in college. A real essence of dating for many adolescents is a freedom it represents since one can choose whom they love without social restrictions. However, dating someone you do not regularly meet because of distance is troublesome. After meeting someone on the Internet I thought was a perfect match for me, I hoped to develop a lasting romantic relationship. However, things turned ugly when I learned that a person of my dreams was married. This experience convinced me that human beings are naturally dishonest.

Second Body Paragraph Example

A greatest lesson from my dating experience is that love cannot flourish without supervision and reflection. I always tell myself it was good that I discovered a person was married because I would have continued investing emotionally in a relationship built on a lie. My desire to know my online date more closely saved me from a futile endeavor. Generally, this burning interest in learning more is a form of social supervision because it helps one to discover truths. Although my reflection quest for truth led to a final end of my relationship, it helped me to learn that love cannot flourish if no one desires to know more about their partner. I consider this desire to know as supervising love.

Third Body Paragraph Example

More importantly, my experience with long-distance dating taught me that faithfulness is a product of commitment. I was committed to my relationship because I was faithful, neither married nor dating anyone else. Unfortunately, my partner was not trustworthy because this person was married, explaining why he was less committed to investing emotionally in our relationship. The genesis of my reflection quest for more information about him was that he turned down several of my requests for a physical meet-up. After learning he was married, I understood why he would not agree to meet physically because he was not committed to the relationship. To him, dating was a passive hobby.

Conclusion Sample

The above experiences with long-distance dating have shaped my worldview about people and love. While one may consider some individuals pleasant or unpleasant, all are transformative because they have shifted my perceptions. They have convinced me that people are naturally dishonest, one cannot nurture love without supervision, and commitment births faithfulness. While my experience was awful, these lessons are essential for my reflection and emotional well-being in my future romantic relationships.

Steps on How to Write a Reflective Essay

While reflection writing is straightforward, producing a reflective essay can be complex because one must observe technical details that shape a high-quality paper. For example, to write a reflective essay, people describe a personal experience, analyze its impact on their thoughts and feelings, and connect these insights to broader themes or lessons learned (Bassot, 2023). Ideally, students should approach such a composition as an academic exercise because there are specific issues and rules they must observe and satisfy to make their work meet basic requirements of a good document. These issues include sufficient preparation, setting up the stage, producing a first draft, and perfecting a final draft. Important rules include creating an error-free document, meaning a good reflection paper must not have grammar or formatting mistakes or plagiarized information.

Step 1: Preparation

In this first step, students must prepare themselves by doing specific things. Firstly, they should choose a particular topic of interest and define it. Ideally, such a topic should indicate a specific kind of essay they want to produce, whether a self-reflection about a text or a personal experience (Cogni, 2019). In the case of the former, a lecturer specifies an assigned topic. The next task is to prepare ideas through brainstorming with classmates or friends while considering a target audience for their work. A good reflective essay should be an academic paper that meets quality standards because those who will consume it include a lecturer, fellow students, and anyone wanting to know more about a choosen topic. When writing a reflective essay, students should understand that a primary purpose of their texts is to provide an opportunity for self-reflection by presenting their papers.

Step 2: Setting Up the Stage

The next step in writing a reflective essay is to set up the stage where students need to consider several tasks. The first aspect is to find credible sources if a main mission is to talk about assigned readings, such as a poem, short story, or novel. Locating reliable sources is vital to ensure one stays within an assigned topic. Secondly, one should read valid sources while making notes. For reflection papers, they should use the ideas generated in the preparation stage to guide note-taking (Taylor, 2023). The third task is creating a well-organized structure and outline that reflects a standard format of this type of essay as described by a sample above. Lastly, writers should create an annotated bibliography to ensure that borrowed information in a text has a corresponding original source. Doing so helps to avoid plagiarizing an entire work. However, this task does not apply to a reflective essay about a personal experience.

Step 3: The Writing Process

The third step in producing a reflective essay is to create a first draft. At this stage of writing a reflective paper, students should focus on capturing all the ideas generated when preparing to execute a particular task. As such, they should not worry about an overall quality, like grammar and formatting. In this case, a real importance of a first draft is that it allows writers to put their ideas together (Bassot, 2023). If a particular reflection topic is about assigned readings, students may use this stage to find more sources that help to expand their reasoning. They may also alter an outline to accommodate any additional instructions, such as a specific paper’s length. Moreover, the three parts of a reflective essay are an introduction with a thesis statement or central claim, body paragraphs covering main points, and a conclusion with a logical ending of a paper. The most important thing one should do is develop a clear thesis statement because it should guide their work. In turn, some examples of sentence starters for beginning a reflective essay include:

• Looking back on my experience during [specific event or time], I realize that it profoundly shaped my understanding of [specific concept or theme], and it continues to influence my perspective on [related topic].
• When I first encountered [specific situation or challenge], I was overwhelmed by [initial reaction], but, upon my reflection, I can see how it led to significant personal growth and a deeper appreciation for [related lesson or value].
• One of the most significant moments in my life journey was when I [specific action or decision], as it forced me to confront my beliefs about [specific issue] and ultimately transformed my approach to [related aspect of life].
• Reflecting on this life event, I can see how my initial assumptions about [specific topic] were challenged, leading me to develop a more complex understanding and a newfound respect for [related subject or person].
• At the time, I felt [specific emotion] about [specific event or decision], but, looking back, I realize that it was an essential moment that taught me a real importance of [specific lesson or value].
• This experience taught me that [specific insight], and, after that, it has become a guiding principle in my life, shaping my decisions and interactions with others in meaningful ways.
• Initially, I was unaware of how much [specific life moment] would impact me, but, as I reflect on it now, I see that it played a crucial role in my development as a [specific role or identity].
• Through this event, I discovered [specific insight or realization], which not only changed my perspective on [related topic] but also inspired me to pursue [related goal or interest] with a greater purpose.
• It was during this moment that I first recognized a true meaning of [specific concept or value], and this understanding has since influenced many aspects of my life, from [related area] to [related area].
• Upon reflection, I understand now that [specific experience] was more than just a challenging period but also a transformative transition that taught me resilience, patience, and a value of [specific lesson or value].

Writing an Introduction

An introduction section is a first part of any essay and contains an overall paper’s focus. Basically, to start a reflective essay, writers begin with an engaging hook that introduces specific experiences and provides unique contexts for their reflections (Williams et al., 2020). When developing this part, students should ensure they capture a reader’s attention, establish a topic’s background, and conclude with a thesis statement. They also should provide background information about a discussed topic. In reflection papers, these three components are essential features of an essay’s opening section. To a greater extent, they determine whether a target audience will complete reading a whole text or not. On the other hand, students should know — people do not read unexciting texts when organizing this section. Such texts lack a hook that grabs one’s attention and ignites a desire to learn more in the rest of a reflective paper.

Writing Body Paragraphs

A body section of a reflective essay should capture all the ideas writers have generated in the preparation stage. However, tutor’s instructions regarding a college essay length should determine whether writers use all the ideas, add new ones, or drop some of them. Each paragraph should open with a topic sentence emphasizing an idea in the thesis statement (Cogni, 2019). These ideas may be lessons for a reflection paper about a personal life situation, but, if the focus is on reading a specific article, they should be arguments or observations since specific details and evidence make an overall work compelling. In turn, real-life examples make a reflection relevant and persuasive. Ideally, this part of a reflection paper should cover an evidence-based format by integrating course concepts and ideas. Moreover, writers can include references in a reflection paper by citing relevant theories, concepts, or literature that support or relate to their personal experiences and insights (Cogni, 2019). In turn, all parts must relate to one another, while achieving a proper flow of ideas improves an overall quality of a reflective paper. Finally, people should use the rest of a single paragraph to explain a specific lesson or observation or enrich a central argument. Other essential components of each paragraph include a concluding sentence and a transition. Therefore, body paragraphs of a reflection paper must be clear and logical.

Writing a Conclusion

A conclusion section is the last part of a reflective essay. The most important features include summarizing an entire reflective paper by emphasizing key lessons for a piece about a personal experience or arguments or observations for an article about a text (Bassot, 2023). Basically, writers sum up all the main points discussed in a body section. The next step is restating a thesis statement by rewording it, and, lastly, it is to make a final remark about a discussed topic. Such a remark must underscore writers’ primary worldviews as a product of their reflection. Therefore, when organizing this section, students should know their focus is to finalize a particular text by making declarations that allow readers to be satisfied. It is illogical for a reflective paper to leave a reader hanging unless it is fiction. Thus, one should bring a reflective essay to a logical closure.

Step 4: Wrapping Up a Final Paper

The last step in writing a reflective essay is to produce a final draft by perfecting a first draft. This wrap-up exercise involves revising a first version of a particular text to ensure it captures all the author’s ideas. The second task for writing a reflection paper is to edit a written text by adding or eliminating sentences to provide a logical flow of ideas and thoughts. The next mission is to ensure all three parts — introduction, body, and conclusion — capture all essential features, including thesis, topic sentences, and final remarks, as appropriate (Williams et al., 2020). The last task is to eliminate all mistakes, including grammatical errors, incorrect punctuation, formatting flaws, and missing citations. To produce a perfect reflection paper, authors must familiarize themselves with all the rules of academic writing and use them as a valid measure for polishing a final draft.

Important Rules

When writing a reflective essay, students should observe all the rules applicable to their work, even if a lecturer does not emphasize them. The first convention that one should satisfy is to maintain a formal tone. Apart from using a first-person voice, students should ensure their work is academic. As such, they should avoid slang and any language that dilutes a particular formality of their text, and they need to write following an active voice (Gardner, 2023). Another convention to consider when writing a reflection paper is to cite ideas writers borrow from different sources. As such, when students use quotes from an assigned text they are reflecting on, such as an online article, they should cite it properly by paying attention to APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago/Turabian writing styles.

What to Include

Common mistakes.

• Lack of Focus: Failing to clearly define a main theme or purpose of a particular reflection essay.
• Vague Analysis: Providing shallow reflections without deep analysis or critical thinking.
• Overly General Statements: Using vague language and not providing specific examples or details.
• Ignoring Structure: Not organizing a reflective essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Neglecting Personal Insight: Focusing too much on describing events and not enough on personal growth and insights.
• Inconsistent Tone: Shifting between informal and formal language inappropriately.
• Poor Grammar and Spelling: Making frequent grammatical errors and spelling mistakes.
• Lack of Connection to Broader Themes: Failing to relate personal experiences to larger concepts or theories.
• Ignoring Feedback: Not considering or incorporating feedback from peers or instructors.
• Overloading With External Sources: Relying too heavily on external references and not enough on personal reflection.

A reflective essay involves examining personal experiences and their impact on a particular writer. It also requires choosing a meaningful topic, describing a specific life event in detail, analyzing its effects, and connecting insights to broader themes. Essential components include a clear introduction, a detailed body, and a concise conclusion. Writers should also focus on personal growth and learning while incorporating relevant theories or concepts. Besides, proper structure, honest reflection, and critical thinking are key to producing a compelling reflective essay. In turn, some lessons to learn include:

• Reflective essays allow students to discuss relevant events or course readings that influenced their lives.
• This guideline shows that writing a good reflective essay is a rigorous exercise, and it requires one to understand several tips.
• Understand a topic when writing a reflection essay: whether one is to reflect on a text or a personal experience.
• Brainstorm and create a mental database of ideas.
• Develop a clear outline that emphasizes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion and the key features of each.
• Review all the technical steps of producing a high-quality reflective essay.
• Produce a first draft and then perfect a document into a final draft by eliminating all mistakes, like wrong grammar, poor formatting, and illogical sentences.
• Proofread final drafts before presenting them to lecturers.
• It is advisable to give a final draft to someone to read a reflection paper and avoid missing out key details or obvious mistakes.

Bassot, B. (2023). The reflective practice guide: An interdisciplinary approach to critical reflection . Routledge.

Christensen, J., & Wärnsby, A. (2023). Reflective writing in course design for active learning in social work education. Journal of Social Work Education , 59 (3), 756–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2023.2213285

Cogni, M. (2019). From sentences to essays: A guide to reflective writing through reflective thinking . Vernon Press.

Gardner, P. R. (2023). The reflective essay in social research methods education: An analysis of student assessment experiences. College Teaching , 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2023.2205629

Taylor, E. (2023). Promoting student reflection through reflective writing tasks. Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence , 7 (1), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.26077/eafb-b4ea

Williams, K., Woolliams, M., & Spiro, J. (2020). Reflective writing . Red Globe Press.

• Schools & departments

Structure of academic reflections

Guidance on the structure of academic reflections.

Academic reflections or reflective writing completed for assessment often require a clear structure. Contrary to some people’s belief, reflection is not just a personal diary talking about your day and your feelings.

Both the language and the structure are important for academic reflective writing. For the structure you want to mirror an academic essay closely. You want an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion.

Academic reflection will require you to both describe the context, analyse it, and make conclusions. However, there is not one set of rules for the proportion of your reflection that should be spent describing the context, and what proportion should be spent on analysing and concluding. That being said, as learning tends to happen when analysing and synthesising rather than describing, a good rule of thumb is to describe just enough such that the reader understands your context.

Example structure for academic reflections

Below is an example of how you might structure an academic reflection if you were given no other guidance and what each section might contain.  Remember this is only a suggestion and you must consider what is appropriate for the task at hand and for you yourself.

Introduction

Identifies and introduces your experience or learning

• This can be a critical incident
• This can be the reflective prompt you were given
• A particular learning you have gained

When structuring your academic reflections it might make sense to start with what you have learned and then use the main body to evidence that learning, using specific experiences and events. Alternatively, start with the event and build up your argument. This is a question of personal preference – if you aren’t given explicit guidance you can ask the assessor if they have a preference, however both can work.

Highlights why it was important

• This can be suggesting why this event was important for the learning you gained
• This can be why the learning you gained will benefit you or why you appreciate it in your context

You might find that it is not natural to highlight the importance of an event before you have developed your argument for what you gained from it. It can be okay not to explicitly state the importance in the introduction, but leave it to develop throughout your reflection.

Outline key themes that will appear in the reflection (optional – but particularly relevant when answering a reflective prompt or essay)

• This can be an introduction to your argument, introducing the elements that you will explore, or that builds to the learning you have already gained.

This might not make sense if you are reflecting on a particular experience, but is extremely valuable if you are answering a reflective prompt or writing an essay that includes multiple learning points. A type of prompt or question that could particularly benefit from this would be ‘Reflect on how the skills and theory within this course have helped you meet the benchmark statements of your degree’

It can be helpful to explore one theme/learning per paragraph.

Explore experiences

• You should highlight and explore the experience you introduced in the introduction
• If you are building toward answering a reflective prompt, explore each relevant experience.

As reflection is centred around an individual’s personal experience, it is very important to make experiences a main component of reflection. This does not mean that the majority of the reflective piece should be on describing an event – in fact you should only describe enough such that the reader can follow your analysis.

Analyse and synthesise

• You should analyse each of your experiences and from them synthesise new learning

Depending on the requirements of the assessment, you may need to use theoretical literature in your analysis. Theoretical literature is a part of perspective taking which is relevant for reflection, and will happen as a part of your analysis.  

Restate or state your learning

• Make a conclusion based on your analysis and synthesis.
• If you have many themes in your reflection, it can be helpful to restate them here.

Plan for the future

• Highlight and discuss how your new-found learnings will influence your future practice

Answer the question or prompt (if applicable)

• If you are answering an essay question or reflective prompt, make sure that your conclusion provides a succinct response using your main body as evidence.  

Using a reflective model to structure academic reflections

You might recognise that most reflective models mirror this structure; that is why a lot of the reflective models can be really useful to structure reflective assignments. Models are naturally structured to focus on a single experience – if the assignment requires you to focus on multiple experiences, it can be helpful to simply repeat each step of a model for each experience.

One difference between the structure of reflective writing and the structure of models is that sometimes you may choose to present your learning in the introduction of a piece of writing, whereas models (given that they support working through the reflective process) will have learning appearing at later stages.

However, generally structuring a piece of academic writing around a reflective model will ensure that it involves the correct components, reads coherently and logically, as well as having an appropriate structure.

Reflective journals/diaries/blogs and other pieces of assessed reflection

The example structure above works particularly well for formal assignments such as reflective essays and reports.  Reflective journal/blogs and other pieces of assessed reflections tend to be less formal both in language and structure, however you can easily adapt the structure for journals and other reflective assignments if you find that helpful.

That is, if you are asked to produce a reflective journal with multiple entries it will most often (always check with the person who issued the assignment) be a successful journal if each entry mirrors the structure above and the language highlighted in the section on academic language. However, often you can be less concerned with form when producing reflective journals/diaries.

When producing reflective journals, it is often okay to include your original reflection as long as you are comfortable with sharing the content with others, and that the information included is not too personal for an assessor to read.

Developed from:

Ryan, M., 2011. Improving reflective writing in higher education: a social semiotic perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(1), 99-111.

University of Portsmouth, Department for Curriculum and Quality Enhancement (date unavailable). Reflective Writing: a basic introduction [online].  Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth.

Queen Margaret University, Effective Learning Service (date unavailable).  Reflection. [online].  Edinburgh: Queen Margaret University.