format for thesis writing

Thesis and Dissertation Guide

• « Thesis & Dissertation Resources
• The Graduate School Home

• Introduction
• Copyright Page
• Dedication, Acknowledgements, Preface (optional)
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Symbols

Non-Traditional Formats

Font type and size, spacing and indentation, tables, figures, and illustrations, formatting previously published work.

• Internet Distribution
• Open Access
• Registering Copyright
• Using Copyrighted Materials
• Use of Your Own Previously Published Materials
• Submission Steps
• Submission Checklist
• Sample Pages

II. Formatting Guidelines

All copies of a thesis or dissertation must have the following uniform margins throughout the entire document:

• Left: 1″ (or 1 1/4" to ensure sufficient room for binding the work if desired)
• Right: 1″
• Bottom: 1″ (with allowances for page numbers; see section on Pagination )
• Top: 1″

Exceptions : The first page of each chapter (including the introduction, if any) begins 2″ from the top of the page. Also, the headings on the title page, abstract, first page of the dedication/ acknowledgements/preface (if any), and first page of the table of contents begin 2″ from the top of the page.

Non-traditional theses or dissertations such as whole works comprised of digital, artistic, video, or performance materials (i.e., no written text, chapters, or articles) are acceptable if approved by your committee and graduate program. A PDF document with a title page, copyright page, and abstract at minimum are required to be submitted along with any relevant supplemental files.

Fonts must be 10, 11, or 12 points in size. Superscripts and subscripts (e.g., formulas, or footnote or endnote numbers) should be no more than 2 points smaller than the font size used for the body of the text.

Space and indent your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:

• The text must appear in a single column on each page and be double-spaced throughout the document. Do not arrange chapter text in multiple columns.
• New paragraphs must be indicated by a consistent tab indentation throughout the entire document.
• The document text must be left-justified, not centered or right-justified.
• For blocked quotations, indent the entire text of the quotation consistently from the left margin.
• Ensure headings are not left hanging alone on the bottom of a prior page. The text following should be moved up or the heading should be moved down. This is something to check near the end of formatting, as other adjustments to text and spacing may change where headings appear on the page.

Exceptions : Blocked quotations, notes, captions, legends, and long headings must be single-spaced throughout the document and double-spaced between items.

Paginate your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:

• Use lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.) on all pages preceding the first page of chapter one. The title page counts as page i, but the number does not appear. Therefore, the first page showing a number will be the copyright page with ii at the bottom.
• Arabic numerals (beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) start at chapter one or the introduction, if applicable. Arabic numbers must be included on all pages of the text, illustrations, notes, and any other materials that follow. Thus, the first page of chapter one will show an Arabic numeral 1, and numbering of all subsequent pages will follow in order.
• Do not use page numbers accompanied by letters, hyphens, periods, or parentheses (e.g., 1., 1-2, -1-, (1), or 1a).
• Center all page numbers at the bottom of the page, 1/2″ from the bottom edge.
• Pages must not contain running headers or footers, aside from page numbers.
• If your document contains landscape pages (pages in which the top of the page is the long side of a sheet of paper), make sure that your page numbers still appear in the same position and direction as they do on pages with standard portrait orientation for consistency. This likely means the page number will be centered on the short side of the paper and the number will be sideways relative to the landscape page text. See these additional instructions for assistance with pagination on landscape pages in Microsoft Word .

Format footnotes for your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:

• Footnotes must be placed at the bottom of the page separated from the text by a solid line one to two inches long.
• Begin at the left page margin, directly below the solid line.
• Single-space footnotes that are more than one line long.
• Include one double-spaced line between each note.
• Most software packages automatically space footnotes at the bottom of the page depending on their length. It is acceptable if the note breaks within a sentence and carries the remainder into the footnote area of the next page. Do not indicate the continuation of a footnote.
• Number all footnotes with Arabic numerals. You may number notes consecutively within each chapter starting over with number 1 for the first note in each chapter, or you may number notes consecutively throughout the entire document.
• Footnote numbers must precede the note and be placed slightly above the line (superscripted). Leave no space between the number and the note.
• While footnotes should be located at the bottom of the page, do not place footnotes in a running page footer, as they must remain within the page margins.

Endnotes are an acceptable alternative to footnotes. Format endnotes for your thesis or dissertation following these guidelines:

• Always begin endnotes on a separate page either immediately following the end of each chapter, or at the end of your entire document. If you place all endnotes at the end of the entire document, they must appear after the appendices and before the references.
• Include the heading “ENDNOTES” in all capital letters, and center it 1″ below the top of the first page of your endnotes section(s).
• Single-space endnotes that are more than one line long.
• Number all endnotes with Arabic numerals. You may number notes consecutively within each chapter starting over with number 1 for the first note in each chapter, or you may number notes consecutively throughout the entire document.
• Endnote numbers must precede the note and be placed slightly above the line (superscripted). Leave no space between the number and the note.

Tables, figures, and illustrations vary widely by discipline. Therefore, formatting of these components is largely at the discretion of the author.

For example, headings and captions may appear above or below each of these components.

These components may each be placed within the main text of the document or grouped together in a separate section.

Space permitting, headings and captions for the associated table, figure, or illustration must be on the same page.

The use of color is permitted as long as it is consistently applied as part of the finished component (e.g., a color-coded pie chart) and not extraneous or unprofessional (e.g., highlighting intended solely to draw a reader's attention to a key phrase). The use of color should be reserved primarily for tables, figures, illustrations, and active website or document links throughout your thesis or dissertation.

The format you choose for these components must be consistent throughout the thesis or dissertation.

Ensure each component complies with margin and pagination requirements.

Refer to the List of Tables, Figures, and Illustrations section for additional information.

If your thesis or dissertation has appendices, they must be prepared following these guidelines:

• Appendices must appear at the end of the document (before references) and not the chapter to which they pertain.
• When there is more than one appendix, assign each appendix a number or a letter heading (e.g., “APPENDIX 1” or “APPENDIX A”) and a descriptive title. You may number consecutively throughout the entire work (e.g., 1, 2 or A, B), or you may assign a two-part Arabic numeral with the first number designating the chapter in which it appears, separated by a period, followed by a second number or letter to indicate its consecutive placement (e.g., “APPENDIX 3.2” is the second appendix referred to in Chapter Three).
• Include the chosen headings in all capital letters, and center them 1″ below the top of the page.
• All appendix headings and titles must be included in the table of contents.
• Page numbering must continue throughout your appendix or appendices. Ensure each appendix complies with margin and pagination requirements.

You are required to list all the references you consulted. For specific details on formatting your references, consult and follow a style manual or professional journal that is used for formatting publications and citations in your discipline.

Your reference pages must be prepared following these guidelines:

• If you place references after each chapter, the references for the last chapter must be placed immediately following the chapter and before the appendices.
• If you place all references at the end of the thesis or dissertation, they must appear after the appendices as the final component in the document.
• Select an appropriate heading for this section based on the style manual you are using (e.g., “REFERENCES”, “BIBLIOGRAPHY”, or “WORKS CITED”).
• Include the chosen heading in all capital letters, and center it 1″ below the top of the page.
• References must be single-spaced within each entry.
• Include one double-spaced line between each reference.
• Page numbering must continue throughout your references section. Ensure references comply with margin and pagination requirements.

In some cases, students gain approval from their academic program to include in their thesis or dissertation previously published (or submitted, in press, or under review) journal articles or similar materials that they have authored. For more information about including previously published works in your thesis or dissertation, see the section on Use of Your Own Previously Published Materials and the section on Copyrighting.

If your academic program has approved inclusion of such materials, please note that these materials must match the formatting guidelines set forth in this Guide regardless of how the material was formatted for publication.

Some specific formatting guidelines to consider include:

• Fonts, margins, chapter headings, citations, and references must all match the formatting and placement used within the rest of the thesis or dissertation.
• If appropriate, published articles can be included as separate individual chapters within the thesis or dissertation.
• A separate abstract to each chapter should not be included.
• The citation for previously published work must be included as the first footnote (or endnote) on the first page of the chapter.
• Do not include typesetting notations often used when submitting manuscripts to a publisher (i.e., insert table x here).
• The date on the title page should be the year in which your committee approves the thesis or dissertation, regardless of the date of completion or publication of individual chapters.
• If you would like to include additional details about the previously published work, this information can be included in the preface for the thesis or dissertation.

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How to Write a Thesis in APA Style Format? Complete Guideline

Understanding citation formats such as APA is crucial because it guarantees academic integrity and improves the professionalism and credibility of your work. Research shows that incorrect formatting and citation cause around 40% of students to receive a poor grade on their academic papers. Students in disciplines like psychology, education, and the social sciences usually are required to write a thesis in APA format.

Research papers and theses are formatted consistently and clearly with the help of the American Psychological Association (APA) style. There are lots of queries and help asked from homework writing services but most of them don’t give the right guideline. We explain the fundamentals of writing a thesis in APA style by focusing on the 6th and 7th edition criteria.

This article will give you a detailed overview of how to format your work under APA guidelines, cite sources, and organize your thesis. You will get the master thesis writing help by reading this post.

What Is APA Format For Thesis And Dissertation?

The purpose of the APA thesis and dissertation format is to make your research easily readable, consistent, and clear. It is easier for the audience to read your argument and understand your findings when you use a consistent style when writing academically. Many students take primary homework help online because they get confused while formatting their drafts. The following are the essential elements of APA formatting:

• Margin: All sides have 1-inch margins.
• Font: Times New Roman in 12-point size is the standard font, though sometimes other fonts such as Arial, can also be used.
• Line Spacing: The entire document should use double spacing.
• Page Numbers: The page numbers need to be in the top-right corner of every page.

Along with these crucial components, APA gives the overview for the title page, headings, references, and citation style. These rules are always strictly followed in order to make sure your work meets the APA’s requirements. Still you feel there are too many things to learn and have little time for your exam then you can pay someone to take my online exam while focusing on perfecting your thesis.

How Do You Cite A Thesis Or Dissertation In APA?

Academic integrity is ensured when a thesis or dissertation is properly cited by using APA format. Indeed it is easy to say someone to take my online class but learning some basics is also crucial. That’s why the following is the basic APA reference dissertation 7th edition format for citing the dissertation:

• Author(s): The author’s last name should come first, then their first initial.
• Publication Year: Put the year of completion of the dissertation in parenthesis.
• Thesis/Dissertation title: It is necessary to italicize the title.
• Degree Statement: Mention the degree type (e.g., doctoral dissertation, master’s thesis).
• Name of the Institution: Name the institution where the study was conducted.

The general format of a thesis citation is as follows:

• APA Reference Master’s Thesis: Author, A.A. (Year). Thesis title (Master’s thesis). Name of the university.
• APA Reference Dissertation: Author, A. A. (Year). Dissertation Title (Doctoral dissertation). Name of the university.

Any research sources, including theses and dissertations, should be cited using a standard format.

Tips For Writing A Thesis In APA Style

You can avoid common errors in APA reference master thesis and make sure your thesis meets academic standards by following the steps below.

• Use Templates: Go over the APA 7th edition dissertation template in detail to understand the structure, formatting, and citation guidelines. This guarantees that your thesis meets all specifications, preventing mistakes and preserving academic integrity.
• Use Right Software Tools: APA formatting options and templates are available through programs like LaTeX and Microsoft Word. Consistent referencing and citation organization can be achieved with reference management software like EndNote or Zotero.
• Organize Your References As You Write: Your bibliography shouldn’t be at the end. To avoid missing any citations and to make sure your reference list is accurate and comprehensive then you must keep records of your references as you write.
• Master APA Headings And Subheadings: A distinct heading hierarchy is necessary for an organization according to APA. According to the APA manuals a person needs to correctly use five levels of headings with bold, italics, and indentation.

What Are Examples Of APA References?

APA reference examples help us understand how to properly credit various kinds of sources. Here is some simple APA 7th edition dissertation examples:

• Book Reference: Author, A.A. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
• Journal/Article Reference: Author, A.A. (Year). Article title. Journal title, volume (issue), and pages. https://doi.org/xxxx
• Website Reference: Author, A. A. (Year, Month, Day). Web page title. Name and URL of the website

References must be formatted correctly to maintain academic integrity and to show that you have used trustworthy sources in your study.

Example Of Bibliography In Thesis APA Style

Every other thesis has to include a bibliography which lists all of the sources that you have used in your document. The following thesis APA style bibliography example shows how different sources are cited in APA:

Book: Author, A.A. (Year). The book title. Publisher.

Journal Article: A. A. Author and B. B. Author (Year). The article’s title. Journal title, volume (issue), and range of pages. xxxxx https://doi.org

Website: Author, A. A. (Year, Month, Date). Web page title. Website Name. URL

A well-organized bibliography shows that you have done your homework and makes your thesis seem even more credible.

Bachelor Thesis APA Style Example

It is undoubtedly daunting to write a bachelor’s thesis in APA style but it can become easier if you follow the basic rules. An example of a bachelor’s thesis written in APA style will only look like this:

• Title Page: It includes the thesis title, your name, course details, institutional affiliation, and the date of submission.
• Abstract: It contains the overview of the main points of your research such as the problem, methodology, and conclusions. It has 150–250 words.
• Body: The thesis’s body usually consists of an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.
• References: Every source you use to support your thesis should be listed in the reference section at the end of your work.

How Does APA 7 Cite A Dissertation?

It’s important to follow the most recent APA 7th edition guidelines when citing your dissertation. The 7th edition improves the citation process for online dissertations as compared to the 6th edition which required particular formatting for the retrieval information. The following is the format for citing a dissertation in the APA 7th edition:

● Author, A.A. (Year). Dissertation title. Name of the university. ProQuest Theses and Dissertations Worldwide. This link: https://doi.org/xxxxxx

This format includes the dissertation’s title, the institution where it was performed, and the database or URL where the document is available.

What Is The Title Page Of A Dissertation APA 7th Edition?

The first page of your dissertation is meant to be an introduction to your work. The title page of a dissertation includes the following APA 7th edition format components:

• Title: Your dissertation’s title should briefly present the main point of your research.
• Author Name: Your complete name must be put in the title.
• Institutional Affiliations: Name the organization where the study was carried out.
• Course Details (Optional): The name and number of the course are sometimes needed to be included in some situations.
• Supervisor Name (Optional): Include your supervisor name if it is required.
• Submission Date: This should be put below the author’s name.

Running heads are not necessary for academic writings in the APA 7th edition dissertation template, so they shouldn’t be included on the title page.

What Is An Example Of A Reference In Research APA 7th Edition?

Writing a thesis or dissertation usually requires interacting with lots of sources including books, articles, and websites. The APA 7th edition improves the referencing process that is because you have to provide the following crucial details for every source:

• Books : Author(s), publication year, book title, and publisher.
• Journal/Articles: Author(s), publication year, article title, journal title, volume and publication date, page number, and DOI or URL, if available.
• Websites: Author(s), publication date (if available), page title, and URL.

For example, a research reference in APA 7th edition can contain this:

• Journal/Article: Authors, A. A. and B. B. (year). The article title. Journal title, volume (issue), and range of pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx
• Book: Author: A.A. (Year). BookPublisherublisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Additional Information: Thesis And Article Writing Format And Style Of Referencing

Accuracy and consistency are valued in the APA thesis and article writing format and referencing style. Clarity is correct and plagiarism is avoided when reference lists and in-text citations are formatted correctly. Claiming another person’s words as your own is plagiarism. The teacher checks your notes each day in order to detect problems within your writing (Wilhoit, 1994). The author-date format is used for in-text citations. Below are the key points:

• In-text Citations: Give the author’s last name and the publication year. For example (Smith, 2020). You can also add the page number for direct quotes.

Reference List: According to APA citations the writer needs to include all sources that are cited in your work must be listed in the reference section at the end of the document.

● Best Study Habits for Visual Learners

The use of charts, diagrams, and graphic organizers is beneficial for visual learners. Study materials that include graphics improve retention and serve to reinforce topics. For instance, mind maps can be used to visually organize material, which will help in exam recall.

Additionally, incorporating color coding in notes can make important information stand out and be easier to remember. These strategies contribute to developing good study habits for elementary students by making learning more interactive and engaging.

It takes focus and a detailed knowledge of the formatting guidelines to write a perfect thesis in APA style. You can write a polished and well-structured thesis by using the updated APA 7th edition dissertation format or the APA 6th edition thesis format example, properly citing your sources, and maintaining consistent formatting throughout.

Your thesis will be legitimate and up to academic standards if you follow the APA rules for referencing, title pages, and other crucial elements. APA logical format for writing a thesis and paper is a crucial tool for producing academic work that is clear, simple, and properly referenced, regardless of whether you are working on a master’s thesis, dissertation, or bachelor’s thesis.

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Organizing and Formatting Your Thesis and Dissertation

Learn about overall organization of your thesis or dissertation. Then, find details for formatting your preliminaries, text, and supplementaries.

Overall Organization

A typical thesis consists of three main parts – preliminaries, text, and supplementaries. Each part is to be organized as explained below and in the order indicated below:

1. Preliminaries:

• Title page (required)
• Copyright page (required)
• Abstract (required) only one abstract allowed
• Acknowledgments (optional) located in the Preliminary Section only
• Preface (optional)
• Autobiography (optional)
• Dedication (optional)
• Table of Contents (required)
• List of Tables (optional)
• List of Figures (optional)
• List of Plates (optional)
• List of Symbols (optional)
• List of Keywords (optional)
• Other Preliminaries (optional) such as Definition of Terms

3. Supplementaries:

• References or bibliography (optional)
• Appendices (optional)
• Glossary (optional)
• List of Abbreviations (optional)

Preliminaries

These are the general requirements for all preliminary pages.

• Preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals.
• Page numbers are ½” from the bottom of the page and centered.
• The copyright page is included in the manuscript immediately after the title page and is not assigned a page number nor counted.
• The abstract page is numbered with the Roman numeral “ii”.
• The remaining preliminary pages are arranged as listed under “Organizing and Formatting the Thesis/Dissertation” and numbered consecutively.
• Headings for all preliminary pages must be centered in all capital letters 1” from the top of the page.
• Do not bold the headings of the preliminary pages.

A sample Thesis title page pdf is available here , and a sample of a Dissertation title page pdf is available here.

Refer to the sample page as you read through the format requirements for the title page.

• Do not use bold.
• Center all text except the advisor and committee information.

The heading “ Thesis ” or “ Dissertation ” is in all capital letters, centered one inch from the top of the page.

• Your title must be in all capital letters, double spaced and centered.
• Your title on the title page must match the title on your GS30 – Thesis/Dissertation Submission Form

Submitted by block

Divide this section exactly as shown on the sample page. One blank line must separate each line of text.

• Submitted by
• School of Material Sciences and Engineering
• Graduate Degree Program in Cell and Molecular Biology
• Graduate Degree Program in Ecology

If your department name begins with “School of”, list as:

• School of Education
• School of Music, Theatre and Dance
• School of Social Work

If you have questions about the correct name of your department or degree, consult your department. Areas of Study or specializations within a program are not listed on the Title Page.

Degree and Graduating Term block

• In partial fulfillment of the requirements
• For the Degree of
• Colorado State University
• Fort Collins, Colorado (do not abbreviate Colorado)

Committee block

• Master’s students will use the heading Master’s Committee:
• Doctoral students will use the heading Doctoral Committee:
• The Master’s Committee and Doctoral Committee headings begin at the left margin.
• One blank line separates the committee heading and the advisor section.
• One blank line separates the advisor and committee section.
• Advisor and committee member names are indented approximately half an inch from the left margin.
• Titles before or after the names of your advisor and your members are not permitted (Examples – Dr., Professor, Ph.D.).

Copyright Page

• A sample copyright page pdf is available here.
• A copyright page is required.
• A copyright page is included in the manuscript immediately after the title page.
• This page is not assigned a number nor counted.
• Center text vertically and horizontally.
• A sample abstract page pdf is available here – refer to the sample page as you read through the format requirements for the abstract.
• Only one abstract is permitted.
• The heading “ Abstract ” is in all capital letters, centered one inch from the top of the page.
• Three blank lines (single-spaced) must be between the “ Abstract ” heading and your title.
• Your title must be in all capital letters and centered.
• The title must match the title on your Title Page and the GS30 – Thesis/Dissertation Submission Form
• Three blank lines (single-spaced) must be between the title and your text.
• The text of your abstract must be double-spaced.
• The first page of the abstract is numbered with a small Roman numeral ii.

Table of Contents

• A sample Table of Contents page pdf is available.
• The heading “ Table of Contents ” is in all capital letters centered one inch from the top of the page.
• Three blank lines (single-spaced) follow the heading.
• List all parts of the document (except the title page) and the page numbers on which each part begins.
• The titles of all parts are worded exactly as they appear in the document.
• Titles and headings and the page numbers on which they begin are separated by a row of dot leaders.
• Major headings are aligned flush with the left margin.
• Page numbers are aligned flush with the right margin.

The text of a thesis features an introduction and several chapters, sections and subsections. Text may also include parenthetical references, footnotes, or references to the bibliography or endnotes.

If you’re using your own published work (or work that has been submitted for publication), all author(s)/publication information must be referenced as a  footnote  on the first page of the relevant chapter.

• The entire document is 8.5” x 11” (letter) size.
• Pages may be in landscape position for figures and tables that do not fit in “portrait” position.
• Choose one type style (font) and font size and use it throughout the text of your thesis. Examples: Times New Roman and Arial.
• Font sizes should be between 10 point and 12 point.
• Font color must be black. 
• Hyperlinked text must be in blue. If you hyperlink more than one line of text, such as the entire table of contents, leave the text black. 
• Margins are one inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, and right).
• Always continue the text to the bottom margin except at the end of a chapter.

• Please see preliminary page requirements .
• Body and references are numbered with Arabic numerals beginning with the first page of text (numbered 1).
• Page numbers must be centered ½” from the bottom of the page.
• Having trouble with page numbers in Microsoft Word?  Try using the Page Numbering for a Thesis or Dissertation Guide (PDF) . 

Major Headings

• A sample page pdf for major headings and subheadings is available here.
• Use consistent style for major headings.
• Three blank lines (single-spaced) need to be between the major heading and your text.
• Each chapter starts on a new page.
• The References or Bibliography heading is a major heading and the formatting needs to match chapter headings.

Subheadings

• A sample page pdf for major headings and subheadings is available here .
• Style for subheadings is optional but the style should be consistent throughout.
• Subheadings within a chapter (or section) do not begin on a new page unless the preceding page is filled. Continue the text to the bottom of the page unless at the end of a chapter.
• Subheadings at the bottom of a page require two lines of text following the heading and at least two lines of text on the next page.

Running Head

Do not insert a running head.

When dividing paragraphs, at least two lines of text should appear at the bottom of the page and at least two lines of text on the next page.

Hyphenation

The last word on a page may not be divided. No more than three lines in succession may end with hyphens. Divide words as indicated in a standard dictionary.

• The text of the thesis is double-spaced.
• Bibliography or list of reference entries and data within large tables may be single-spaced. Footnotes should be single spaced.
• Footnotes and bibliography or list of reference entries are separated by double-spacing.
• Quoted material of more than three lines is indented and single-spaced. Quoted material that is three lines or fewer may be single-spaced for emphasis.

Poems should be double-spaced with triple-spacing between stanzas. Stanzas may be centered if lines are short.

• Consult a style manual approved by your department for samples of footnotes.
• Footnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis.
• Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page on which the reference is made.
• Footnotes are single-spaced.
• Consult a style manual approved by your department for samples of endnotes.
• Endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis.
• Endnotes may be placed at the end of each chapter or following the last page of text.
• The form for an endnote is the same as a footnote. Type the heading “endnote”.

Tables and Figures

• Tables and figures should follow immediately after first mentioned in the text or on the next page.
• If they are placed on the next page, continue the text to the bottom of the preceding page.
• Do not wrap text around tables or figures. Text can go above and/or below.
• If more clarity is provided by placing tables and figures at the end of chapters or at the end of the text, this format is also acceptable.
• Tables and Figures are placed before references.
• Any diagram, drawing, graph, chart, map, photograph, or other type of illustration is presented in the thesis as a figure.
• All tables and figures must conform to margin requirements.
• Images can be resized to fit within margins
• Table captions go above tables.
• Figure captions go below figures.
• Captions must be single spaced.

Landscape Tables and Figures

• Large tables or figures can be placed on the page landscape or broadside orientation.
• Landscape tables and figures should face the right margin (unbound side).
• The top margin must be the same as on a regular page.
• Page numbers for landscape or broadside tables or figures are placed on the 11” side.

Supplementaries

These are the general requirements for all supplementary pages.

• Supplementary pages are arranged as listed under “Organizing and Formatting the Thesis/Dissertation” and numbered consecutively.
• Headings for all supplementary pages are major headings and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.

References or Bibliography

• The References or Bibliography heading is always a major heading and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.
• References or Bibliography are ordered after each chapter, or at the end of the text.
• References or Bibliography must start on a new page from the chapter text.
• References are aligned flush with the left margin.
• The style for references should follow the format appropriate for the field of study.
• The style used must be consistent throughout the thesis.
• Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material.
• The Appendices heading is a major heading and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.
• As an option the appendix may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title centered vertically and horizontally on the page. The content of the appendix then begins on the second page with the standard one inch top margin.
• Quality and format should be consistent with requirements for other parts of the thesis including margins.
• Page numbers used in the appendix must continue from the main text.

A Foreign Language Thesis

Occasionally, theses are written in languages other than English. In such cases, an English translation of the title and abstract must be included in the document.

• Submit one title page in the non-English language (no page number printed).
• Submit one title page in English (no page number printed).
• Submit one abstract in the non-English language (page number is ii).
• Submit one abstract in English (page number is numbered consecutively from previous page – example: if the last page of the abstract in the foreign language is page ii the first page of the abstract in English is numbered page iii).

Multipart Thesis

In some departments, a student may do research on two or more generally related areas which would be difficult to combine into a single well-organized thesis. The solution is the multi-part thesis.

• Each part is considered a separate unit, with its own chapters, bibliography or list of references, and appendix (optional); or it may have a combined bibliography or list of references and appendix.
• A single abstract is required.
• The pages of a multi-part thesis are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis, not through each part (therefore, the first page of Part II is not page 1).
• The chapter numbering begins with Chapter 1 for each part, or the chapters may be numbered consecutively.
• Pagination is consecutive throughout all parts, including numbered separation sheets between parts.
• Each part may be preceded by a separation sheet listing the appropriate number and title.